Today I suggest examples as the variable voltage power supply circuit that can adjust output from 0-50volts at 5A. Which many people interested it a lot. Because is a switch mode type that is Technology available high performance. than normal linear type are they are a small, energy saving and low heat.
I apologize for that. This circuit is just an idea. Ideal for those have basis of this nature circuit. But it is not suitable for beginners. You should also do their homework too. To understand and be able creating the project out.
The heart part that is TL494. Widely used in the computer power supply circuit and the motor control circuits The advantage is high efficiency. easy to use and affordable. And We still use the MJ15004-power transistor to amplify currents up to 5A.
How this circuit works
From circuit in figure below. the AC 220 volts when through a T1-transformer then will be AC voltage 36V. The F1-fuse size of 2 Amperes. The SW1 is ON/OFF switch of this projects.
This 36 volts is Average the voltage. When through the D1-bridge rectifier then will be C1 and C2 are filter to smooth a fluctuating signal(AC Volts).
When push the S1-power switch ON, Both capacitors C1 and C2 will discharges through the R1-resistor.
The input voltage of this regulated circuit is volts across C1 and C2 will equal to 50 volts. And is entered at emitter of Q2. To output next. The circuit in section R2, C3 and ZD1 are the regulated circuit of +15 volts to the circuit of IC1, IC2 and IC3.
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The circuit of IC1 all will be the pulse circuit. wide mod as say above, both C4 and R4 will be RC that create frequency that have value about 20 kHz. In character at pin 13 to ground. The working of both transistor within TL 494 will works in the Single-end Operation type.
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The both transistor in TL494 can pull current up to 400 mA which can drive base of Q2. But will see that VC1 and VC2 have value of 40 volts only.
Which this circuit has voltage high up to 50 volts, if connect directly to them Must damaged certainly.
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Therefore, the need for security, Q1-transistor (BD139) to also drive the Q2 . Both R12, R13 that parallel together, as limiter base of Q2 will not over than 250 mA decisively.
View IC1 back again. They R8, R9 and C5 between pin 2 and pin 3 that will be network that be editor Q2 work with narrow pulse before (are Q2 partially ON”) so can reduce pull of the output current.
When push switch SW1 normally to working. then at pin 3 of TL494 will be have a low voltage. So, cause output of the within comparator circuit are “High”. The Q2 will be on. But if the voltage at pin 3 have a higher value in first time. (because C5) The Q2 will be partially no. Then voltage at pin 3 will reduce slowly normal state. (because they will be discharge through R8)
In the primary circuit of the switching section that coil L1 is 0.5 mH. Both C6 and C7 (or C7 will Consists of 330uF 75V – two capacitor connect parallel. Both C8 and C9 acts connected via a high-frequency signal. (because switching) to ground. The D2 use as the fast recovery diode of Toshiba number 6GB 11 (D2 must have special properties than plain diode is able to flow and stop flow quickly. The common diode rectifier will not work. because will be cause the output short circuit when Q2 “ON” cause Q2 damaged immediately.)
LM338 5A Variable regulator Better life with high current in same voltage 1.25V to 30V.
The R14 560 ohm 5 watt serves primarily, 1. are current draw of the circuit or load, can maintain regulated when no load, 2. will reduce undulation of Overshoot voltage. and 3. discharge to C6 and C7 when switch- SW1 “OFF” or No load.
The M1-meter are ammeter that will measure the current through the load circuit. Then M2 is a voltmeter to measure the voltage across load or output voltage of circuit. which can adjust by rotate VR1-2K that divide voltage on R16 are 120ohm, R15 is 4.7K that will ????? input current of error amp circuit (pin 1 of TL494)
The C10-capacitor will reduce ripple at outpu. both VR1 and R16 Changes may be important is the ratio of VR1/R16 must be 100/6 to take 100K to 5.6K, or 50K and 3K time.
The R24 0.1 ohm 5 watts will be the load current detection. The current of all load will flow through R24-resistor and will cause voltage drop across R24.
When current through R24 of 5.6 A will cause the voltage is 0.56 volts at pin 16 of TL494. The comparators limit current will work, make pulse that go to control the Q1 narrow. We will see that if use R24 error, will cause the current limiting slow or fast. But will adjust R11 too. For example : If R24 More value, R11 was increased. (may be 180 ohm or 200 ohm)
Another part of the circuit that we have not mentioned. are the indicator regulation circuit or The size of the ripple at output. This circuit will consist of both IC2 and IC3. We are familiar IC2 is LM741-op-amp IC, they act as an amplifier of AC has the gain is 56 (R20/R19) ripple (Typically less than 10 mV.) Will enter through C14 to pin 3 of IC2. Which will bias to 15/2 = 7.5 volts. So output voltage will be in range 7.5 +- 56 x 10mV or in range 6.94 to 8.06 volts. The C15 10uF 25V will acts as the output monostable circuit at pin 3 will be “Low” state all time. If voltage at pin 2 also not lower than Vcc/3 or 5 volts. Once the voltage at pin 2 is below 5 volts. At pin 3 will be “High” is less than 1.1 R12, C17 or 0.1 second.
We observe that ripple will be expanded to the size 7.5-5 volts is 2.5 volts, before D4 glow. So ripple be must size 2.5×2/56 = 90 mV(peak-to-peak). The part D3 that will be LED show power on of all circuit which include R23 acts as limits current of D3
What’s more? You can look other power supply circuits: Click Here
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I would to have this Variable switch mode power supply 0-50V 5Aby TL494 MJ15004. But our input is 120 VAC in USA. Is there an alternative to change the voltage? Do they provide kit for us to assembly it?
Dear Sir/Ma
I make the “Variable switch mode power supply 0-50V 5A by TL494 MJ15004″but there is a problem the power supply output never be 0V minimum output voltage never go under the 2.955V.i need the power start from 0V to 50V.
so could you help me to solve the problem?
B.R
M_ASL
I don’t think this is the switched mode power supply, the transformer is before the bridge rectifier, the switched mode power supply i think comes after the rectified voltage, i’m still new to electronics, so could you please explain it to me?
Previous post is correct. This is not a switched mode power supply. This is a linear power supply with a PWM second stage to regulate the voltage. It has the disadvantage of all linear supplies, the transformer needs to be very large to pump all the power at the low mains frequency.
This isn’t a linear power supply .this is switching Buck Converter .
pleas take look to this link:schmidt-walter.eit.h-da.de/smps_e/smps_e.html
this switching mode power supply’s output isn’t isolated from input.so when we use this switching mode “Buck” That we have constant unregulated DC voltage and wanted to change to another regulated constant or adjustable DC.
this circuit have many problem because it is very old and simple such as “if input voltage change to 52V or higher Q2 will be off and power output come to 0 ; also output voltage never go under 2.955V because of simple feed back network”.
i change Q2 bipolar Transistor to power mosfet and also change Q2 Driving circuit then change the feed back and reference network so i can change input up to 100v and also input start from 0.
can you send me the modification ,please [email protected]
Dear Davin, to lower minimun tension in output from this supply, modify R% and R6 connected at pin 15, till to reach the voltage you need.
I would like to build thid power supply, do you have realized a PCB?, and in such a case, cuold you send me tha trace?
my mail is marvi110-at-libero.it.
greetings,
Marvi
The resistors to modify at the divider connected at pin 15 of 494 are R5 and R6…
Marvi
Davin and Mike are incorrect. PWM (pulse width modulation) IS a switching mode. Also, there is no “second stage” to this, Q2 and it’s associated circuit is the only regulating stage. And, there is no requirement that a switching type power supply cannot have a line transformer. Please don’t spread misinformation.
This is a PWM regulator, is better than linear because when it is regulated for a low output voltage(i.e. 5 volt) the power dissipated from power transistor regulator, mj15004, is smaller then if it will be a linear regulator…
By the way if you need more power, PWM is the road to run… better than a linear one!
What could it happens if in Q2 I use two transistor to get more current? Is it necessary to use the IC2-IC3 amplifier circuit?
IC2 and IC3 are useless to lower ripple, they would be still necessary, have you made a pcb or mounted it on breadboard?
To replay to your question, for Q2 you can use two transistor in darlington mode, as seen in a TI application note on TL494.
https://www.ti.com/lit/an/slva001e/slva001e.pdf page 24
No. I have not build it even. Before to build Id like to be clear about it. I am not so experienced in electronic design but I can build it.
I tried to build a dummy load with TL494, and it works well.
Now I want to build this psu…
Mahdi, have you realised a pcb for this power supply?
In this case would you please send me the trace?
Many thanks
I’ve buid a PSU with 494, that is on the application note of TI, it Works!!
Minimum voltage regulate is 2,4 volt, now I will work to lower this value to 0 or 1.5 V…
i want build this . hope it work:)
Is someone wants pcb and layout of power supply I realized, please contact me.
Marvi could you please send me the PCB design ?
[email protected]
can anyone specify the “inductor” details used in the design ?
Everything is very open with a very clear explanation of the challenges.
It was really informative. Your site is useful. Thank you for
sharing!
Kontominas Dimitris. I think it is not so critical. You can use one like ferrit core been careful the wire size to support the corrent.
which number can use instead of 6GB11
Aj spínané zdroje majú transformátor.