Dimmer

Automatic Light Dimmer

In many cases, the dimmer presented here may be built into a wall-mounted box containing the light switch. It is intended for use with 240 V incandescent lamps only. When it is fitted, and the light is switched on, the lamp does not come on fully for about 400 ms (which is not noticeable). When the light is switched off, it stays on unchanged for about 20 s, and then goes out gradually. This has the advantage that it is not immediately dark when the light is switched off. When light switch S1 is turned on, capacitor C2 is charged via R1, C1 and bridge rectifier D1–D4. Zener diode D5 limits the potential across C2 to about 15 V. After a short while, diode D6 lights, whereupon a potential difference ensues across light sensitive resistor R3, which is sufficient to trigger triac Tr1.
The light then comes on. When the light switch is turned off, C2 is discharged via P1, R2 and D6. When the potential across C2 drops, the brightness of the LED diminishes, so that the p.d. across R3 also drops. The increasing resistance of R3 effects phase angle control of the triac so that the light is dimmed gradually. The dimming time may be altered with P1 within the time range determined by network R2-C2. The circuit operates correctly only, of course, when the LDR is not exposed to light other than that from the LED. The type of LDR is not particularly important, as long as it is not too long: in the prototype, a model with a length of 5 mm was used.
Author:Schallmoser
Copyright: Elektor Electronics

Be the first to comment - What do you think? Posted by admin - October 12, 2010 at 7:34 am

Categories: Dimmer, Electronic Control, Lighting Tags: automatic light switch, light dimmer

Halogen Lamp Dimmer With Soft Start

Most dimmers use pulse width modulation (PWM) to control the amount of power that is delivered to the lamp. Those that come bundled with a switch faceplate control the firing angle of a Triac on the 240V mains side. These work fine with resistive loads but may not be suitable for inductive loads such as low-voltage halogen lamp transformers. This circuit also employs PWM but it switches at a high frequency (22kHz) on the low-voltage side of the lamp transformer. This high frequency also simplifies EMI filtering. Furthermore, because this circuit is isolated from the mains by the transformer, it is relatively safe to build and install.

IC1 is a standard 555 astable oscillator with a high duty cycle. It produces a narrow negative-going pulse at its pin 3 output approximately every 45µs (ie, the frequency of oscillation is about 22kHz). These pulses trigger IC2, another 555 timer, this time wired as a variable monostable. IC2′s pin 3 output is normally low which means that its internal discharge transistor is on and the 1nF capacitor on pins 6 & 7 is discharged. However, when the monostable is triggered (by IC1), its output goes high, the internal discharge transistor turns off and the 1nF capacitor charges via VR1 & VR2 until it reaches 2/3Vcc.

At this point, the output at pin 3 switches low again. Each time pin 3 of IC2 goes high, it turns on power Mosfet transistor Q1 which in turn switches on the lamp. Potentiometer VR2 is used to control the time it takes the 1nF capacitor to charge to the threshold voltage and thus sets the width of the output pulses. At maximum resistance, the pulse width is 55ms. This is longer that the 45ms period of oscillator IC1, and so IC2′s pin 3 output is high for 100% of the time and the lamp operates with maximum brightness. Now consider what happens if the monostable’s period is shorter than the astable’s.
In this case, each time IC1′s pin 3 output goes low, pin 7 of IC1 also goes low and discharges IC2′s 1nF timing capacitor via D3. This retriggers the monostable. As a result, IC2 is triggered at a 22kHz rate and produces variable width pulses depending on the setting of VR2. It’s output in turn pulses Q1 to control the lamp brightness. D2 isolates IC1′s timing circuitry from IC2′s. VR1 is used to set the minimum lamp brightness when VR2 is at minimum resistance. If this control is not required, VR1 can be replaced with a 1.8kO resistor. The 220µF capacitor on pin 5 of IC2 provides a soft-start facility to prolong lamp life.

Initially, when power is first applied, the 220µF capacitor is discharged and this lowers the threshold voltage (which is normally 2/3Vcc). That in turn results in shorter pulses at the output. As the 220µF capacitor charges, the threshold voltage gradually increases until the circuit operates “normally”. For the prototype, Q1 was a BUK553-60A, rated at 60V, 20A & 75W. Q1′s maximum on-state resistance is 0.1O, so switching a 4A lamp load results in a maximum power dissipation of 1.6W. The bridge rectifier comes in at around 5W and so both should be mounted on suitable heatsinks.

The power dissipation in the bridge rectifier can be reduced by using power Schottky diodes rated at 5A or more. The output of 555 timer IC2 is capable of directly driving several Mosfets (up to four in tests). Note, that if the Mosfet is going to be some distance from the 555, it will be necessary to buffer it. Power for the control circuitry is derived from 3-terminal regulator REG1 which produces an 8V rail. This in turn is fed from the output of the bridge rectifier via diode D1
Author: Dennis Chuah – Copyright: Silicon Chip Electronics Magazine
Source: http://www.extremecircuits.net/

Be the first to comment - What do you think? Posted by admin - September 9, 2010 at 5:46 pm

Categories: Dimmer, Electronic Control Tags: halogen lamp dimmer, halogen lamps dimmer switch, soft start

AC lights dimmer with triac

Operation of the circuit be Lamp L1 is adjusted by adjusting the light of VR1. This will serve to control the speed of charging of C1, Because triac will work.
When C1 has charged to the voltage at the triac work.When adjusting the VR1 C1 will charge as little faster lamp is lit.If the adjustment of VR1 C1 will charge very slowly.The little light bulb. Because the triac does not work over the triac during the work.The light bulb will dim down by adjusting VR1.The R1 is placed for protection VR1 prevent damage.The R2, C2 is used to eliminate signal disturbance. Both produced and external circuit.